No, a resume does not have to be 12 font. While 12 point font is the standard size for most resumes, anywhere between 10-12 point font is acceptable because it’s easy to read.
Picking the right font size for your resume depends on what font you’re using and how much extra space you have on the page. Each font varies in size, so while one might look better at 12 points, another font might look too large or too small.
Ultimately, readability is the most important thing to consider when choosing the font size on your resume.