When and How to List References on Your CV (With Examples)

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Should you include references on your CV?

Generally, you shouldn’t include references on your CV. Most employers don’t contact references until the later stages of the hiring process, typically after interviews or when they’re close to making an offer. Adding references too early can also make your CV feel outdated or overly formal.

However, there are exceptions.

When to include references on your CV

You should include references if:

• The job ad specifically requests it: If the employer asks for references in the job listing, include them to show you can follow instructions and demonstrate attention to detail.
• You’re applying for academic, scientific, or research positions: These fields often expect references upfront as part of a standard CV format.
• Someone at the company recommended you: Including that person as a reference can reinforce your connection and strengthen your application.
• You’re applying to a job abroad where local norms differ: In some countries, it’s common practice to list references on a CV, so it’s best to follow local expectations.

When not to include references on your CV

You shouldn’t include references if:

• They’re not requested in the job ad: Employers usually specify when references are needed, and adding them anyway can suggest you didn’t follow instructions.
• You were fired from your last job or left on bad terms: It’s better to wait and choose references strategically rather than listing someone who may not support your application.
• You’re applying through an online system with a separate section for references: Adding references to your CV is redundant if the application already collects them.
• You don’t have enough references: Most employers expect at least two to three references, so listing fewer can look incomplete.
• Your references aren’t relevant to the position: Choose references who can speak directly to the skills and experience needed for the role you’re targeting.

How to include references on your CV

If you’re including references on your CV, ask each person for permission first so you can make sure that they’re comfortable recommending you and prepared to be contacted. Once they agree, add a separate section titled “References” at the end of your CV.

For each reference, include their:

• Full name
• Job title
• Company name
• Email address
• Phone number
• Relationship to you

How to ask for a reference

Before listing someone as a reference on your CV, ask for their permission first, either by email or in person. Be polite, provide context about the job you’re applying for, and explain why you’d value their recommendation.

Here’s a simple template you can use:

Frequently asked questions about listing references on your CV

Here are answers to common questions about listing references on your CV:

Who can be a reference?

Choose people who’ve had a positive experience working with you. If you had a conflict with a former manager or professor, even if you resolved it, it’s usually safer to ask someone else. You don’t want a potential employer to contact a reference who might give a lukewarm or negative impression.

Should I write “References available upon request” on my CV?

No, you shouldn’t write “References available upon request” on your CV. This phrase is outdated and unnecessary. Employers already assume you can provide references if they ask, and the phrase takes up space on your CV without adding any real value.

Should I have a list of references ready even if they aren’t requested?

Yes, always have a list of references ready, even if they aren’t requested in the job description, because an employer might ask to see them.
Employers often ask for references after an initial round of interviews, so be prepared.

Can I refer to LinkedIn references on my CV reference list?

No, you don’t need to include LinkedIn recommendations in your reference list. However, if someone has already written you a LinkedIn recommendation, they’re likely comfortable serving as a reference, so feel free to ask them.