When and How to List References on Your CV (With Examples)

CV references belong on your CV only when an employer asks for them. When references are required, you should know how to list them professionally. We cover everything you need to know about references in the article below.

Should you include references on your CV?

Generally, you shouldn’t include references on your CV. Most employers don’t contact references until the later stages of the hiring process, typically after interviews or when they’re close to making an offer. Adding references too early can also make your CV feel outdated or overly formal.

However, there are exceptions.

When to include references on your CV

You should include references if:

• The job ad specifically requests it: If the employer asks for references in the job listing, include them to show you can follow instructions and demonstrate attention to detail.
• You’re applying for academic, scientific, or research positions: These fields often expect references upfront as part of a standard CV format.
• Someone at the company recommended you: Including that person as a reference can reinforce your connection and strengthen your application.
• You’re applying to a job abroad where local norms differ: In some countries, it’s common practice to list references on a CV, so it’s best to follow local expectations.

When not to include references

Don’t include references on your CV if:

• They’re not requested in the job ad: Employers usually specify when references are needed, and adding them anyway can suggest you didn’t follow instructions.
• You’re applying through an online system with a separate section for references: Adding references to your CV is redundant if the application already collects them.
• You don’t have enough references: Most employers expect at least two to three references, so listing fewer can look incomplete.
• Your references aren’t relevant to the position: Only list contacts who can speak directly to the skills and experience needed for the role you’re targeting.

How to include references on your CV

If you’re including references on your CV, ask each person for permission first so you can make sure that they’re comfortable recommending you and prepared to be contacted. Once they agree, add a separate section titled “References” at the end of your CV.

For each reference, include their:

• Full name
• Job title
• Company name
• Email address
• Phone number
• Relationship to you

How to ask for a reference

Before listing someone as a reference on your CV, ask for their permission first, either by email or in person. Be polite, provide context about the job you’re applying for, and explain why you’d value their recommendation.

Here’s a simple template you can use:

Frequently asked questions about listing references on your CV

Here are answers to common questions about listing references on your CV:

Who can be a reference?

Your references can be any of your managers or team members in your current and previous jobs. Always choose people who have given you positive feedback. You want references who will speak of you in the best light possible. A lukewarm referral could set you back behind other candidates.

Should I write “References available upon request” on my CV?

No, don’t write “References available upon request” on your CV. This phrase is outdated and unnecessary. Employers already expect you to provide references if they ask, and the phrase takes up space on your CV without adding value.

Should I have a list of references ready even if they aren’t requested?

Yes, keep a list of references ready, even if they aren’t requested in the job description, because an employer could ask to see it.
Employers often ask for references after an initial round of interviews, so stay prepared.

Can I refer to LinkedIn references on my CV reference list?

No, you don’t need to include LinkedIn recommendations in your reference list. However, if someone has already written a LinkedIn recommendation for you, they’re likely comfortable serving as a reference, so consider asking them.